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Trials of the Knights Templar
The Knights Templar trace their beginnings to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in when eight Christian knights, under the auspices of King Baldwin II and the Patriarch Warmund, were given the task of protecting pilgrims on the roads to Jerusalem, which they did for nine years until elevated to a military order at the Council of Troyes in 1129. They became an elite fighting force in the Crusades known for their propensity not to retreat or surrender.
Eventually, their rules of secrecy, their power, privileges and their wealth,〔During this time period money was loaned to popes, kings and princes was not being repaid. The high costs of maintaining an army in the Holy Land, of castle building and rebuilding, expensive armour, weapons, and warhorses was catching up with the order. By 1307 it seems much of their great wealth had been expended. See Anne Gilmour-Bryson, ''The trial of the Templars in Cyprus: a complete English edition'' (Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, 1998), p. 4.〕 made them vulnerable to the King of France’s accusations, and with the Pope’s unsuccessful attempts to prevent it, their destruction. The Templar leader, Master Jacques de Molay had recently come to France for meetings with the pope. In 1307, members of the Templar order in France were suddenly charged with heresy and arrested. In France, many ultimately, including their leader, were burned at the stake while others were sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. The events in France led to a series of trials in other locations, not all of which had the same outcome.
==Humble origins==
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Jesus Christ, commonly known as the Knights Templar,〔Stephen Howarth, ''The Knights Templar'' (New York : Dorset Press, 1982), p. 43〕 originally began c.1120, when a group of eight Christian Knights approached Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem and requested permission to defend the Kingdom of Jerusalem.〔Denys Pringle, ''The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem'', Vol. 3 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). p.420〕 Baldwin II of Jerusalem gave them quarters in the Temple of Solomon. Hugues de Payens was elected their master and the Patriarch Warmund charged them with the duty of keeping the roads safe from thieves and others who were routinely robbing and killing pilgrims en route to Jerusalem,〔 which they did for nine years until the Council of Troyes in 1129, when they became a military order sanctioned by the Church encouraged substantially by the patronage of Bernard of Clairvaux, a leading churchman of the time.〔Malcolm Barber, ''The new knighthood: a history of the Order of the Temple'' (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 9〕 The Rule of the Order was based on that of the Cistercian Order, that of obedience, poverty and chastity.〔 Their role was eventually expanded to fight in the Crusades. The Crusades wound down, and were eventually expelled from the area.
Throughout these years, the Templar Order became wealthy and powerful.〔C. G. Addison, ''The Knights Templar And The Temple Church'' (Kessinger Pub., 2007), p. 488〕 They received massive donations of money, manors, churches, even villages and the revenues thereof, from Kings and European nobles interested in helping with the fight for the Holy Land.〔 The Templars, by order of the Pope, were exempt from all taxes, tolls and tithes, their houses and churches were given the right to asylum and were exempt from feudal obligations.〔Stephen Howarth, ''The Knights Templar'' (New York : Dorset Press, 1982), pp. 237-38〕 They were answerable only to the Pope.〔Malcolm Barber, ''The Trial of the Templars'', Second Edition (Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 1〕
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